Sex, Drugs, and Public Health

October 11, 2011

CONTAGION

Filed under: Uncategorized — Tags: , — cbmosher @ 3:53 am

Chicken Little is at it again.

This time the chicken has taken his virus and gone to Hollywood.  The result is “Contagion,” a major motion picture designed to make money by scaring the audience (not a new concept).  The plot line involves a mutant strain of Influenza-like virus, so its greater story has a Public Health theme.

In the movie, a virus mutates and runs rampant, killing millions worldwide.  But the associated epidemic of fear causes more social disruption than the virus itself.

While surveillance of potentially dangerous pathogens is a big part of what we in Public Health do, and surveillance of various strains of virus has been going on for several years, scaring people is not what we do because it doesn’t help.

But there is some fact in this Hollywood tale, and it mirrors what Public Health has had to face.

In the movie, an animal virus enters human beings and runs rampant, killing millions.  The Microbiologist who “designed” the virus for the movie patterned it on a virus named “Nipah,” which jumped from bats to pigs, then from pigs to humans in the late 1990’s.  The resultant outbreak killed over 100 people in Malaysia.

In reality, most of the nasty outbreaks of human disease have been caused by organisms which were once animal diseases, then “jumped” to humans.  This includes Rabies (from carnivores), E. Coli and Mad Cow Disease (from cows), Yellow Fever (from monkeys), Plague (from rats), and, of course, Influenza (a bird virus).

The most recent large killer outbreak was the Spanish Influenza, which killed an estimated 50 million people world-wide in 1918.  A large percentage of those who died were young adults.  We haven’t seen anything that monstrous since then, but we were very worried that the H1N1 of 2009 could have mutated enough to cause a similar catastrophe.  You can’t predict in advance how a new virus will behave, so we had to prepare for the worst.  H1N1 did become a Pandemic (worldwide epidemic) because it was a strain of flu most people’s immune system hadn’t seen.   Luckily, it was not very severe.

In the movie, the audience is scared.

In reality, it’s we Health Care Workers and Public Health Officials who can be scared. In preparing for the arrival of the mutant H1N1 Influenza virus, we had to think about these issues:

Suppose we have two patients whose lungs are filled with fluid and need ventilators to survive.  But we only have one ventilator available and all surrounding hospitals are full.  How do you decide?  Suppose the two patients are both children.  Which one gets the life-saving device?  Suppose 25% of our Health Care Workers become ill.  How do we provide care?  Suppose the disease hits a doctor’s, a nurse’s, or first responder’s family.  Will the health care worker remain at the hospital, clinic, or ambulance to treat patients, or leave to be with his/her family?

In the movie, the entire community is involved somehow in responding to the epidemic. Our planning locally for the approach of H1N1 involved not just the Health Department, but the hospital, local doctors, Yosemite Park, County Fire, County Sheriff, the Red Cross, all local businesses, the school system, and many other partners.  We stockpiled anti-virals and held large vaccine clinics.  We practiced expanding patient care into a large space in case the hospital was full (we set up a MASH-like hospital at the fairgrounds).

These are just some of the issues we had to plan for.  And believe me, like nightmares, they can keep us awake at night.

One of the Public Health experts who worked as a consultant on the movie pointed out that Pandemics, which have occurred in the past, and will occur in the future, will not be optimally controlled unless:

  1. Public Health is better funded and better staffed than our current overworked system.
  2. International cooperation is improved for quick identification of outbreaks and quicker control of them.  Electronic reporting is needed.
  3. We develop new technology for more rapid vaccine development.

Outbreaks DO occur and sometimes they grow to become Pandemics.  We have a Public Health system in place to watch for and respond to outbreaks, as showcased in “Contagion.”  But, we can’t let that system decay, or Chicken Little may, someday, be correct.

September 17, 2011

Dr. Pannikatakus

Filed under: Uncategorized — cbmosher @ 10:54 am

Guest editorial by World – famous  psychiatrist to physicians,  Dr. Pannikatakus

I hear from physicians what, to no one else, they tell. Their secrets. Their fantasies. Their failures. Their sick little ideas.

 

Case # 42

Into my consultation room she comes, this doctor. All riled up and fidgeting.

“I don’t understand people,” she fumes, pacing back and forth on my new oriental rug.

“Lie down,” I say. “On the couch. Tell me about it. Tell me your greater story.”

“How can people be so stupid choosing a doctor?” She rants. “They certainly don’t decide the way we physicians decide.”

“You are thinking, perhaps, of a specific ‘people’?” my incisive skill directs her.

“My own sister,” she blurts. “She has some menstrual pain – don’t we all? – and she called me for advice.”

“Good,” I say to encourage. “Good. Go on.”

“So I told her to go to an Ob-Gyn doctor. I gave her three names. All good physicians whom I know. They are well trained and scientific. They would pursue testing in a logical sequence and find her diagnosis. I’ve watched them do it for others before.

“But. Does she go to one of them? No. Some girlfriend of hers tells her about this – – – this – – – surgeon. I know him. He just LOVES to cut. Cut, cut, cut. Cut and stitch. Then bill the insurance. Bill, bill, bill.”

“Yes,” I interrupt gently. “Yes. But tell me,” I say, “about your sister.”

“So she said to me: ‘he’s a nice guy. Everyone likes him.’ ”

Here I see that my patient has spittle flying from her lips.

“ It’s true he’s a nice guy,’ I told my sister, swallowing my vomit, ‘but that has nothing to do with medical skill.’ ”

“ Then my sister said: ‘my girlfriend went to him. And you know what he did?’ ”

To myself I think:  I can guess, It all, I have heard. But I don’t say anything; I just let her tell me. That is how I am trained.

“So my sister told me that he operated on her girlfriend, and that, after surgery, he sent her the most beautiful bouquet of roses.

“ ‘Roses!’ my sister said, all starry-eyed.  ‘For a patient! How many doctors do that? What a good doctor,’ she said to me. ‘What a nice guy.’ ”

“I tried to tell her: No, I said. Sending roses is not a medical skill. It’s a marketing ploy. You need a good doctor, not a good schmoozer.”

“The right thing, you said,” I reassure her. “So what makes you so upset?”

“She went to him anyway. He opened her up. No work-up. No tests. Just – – – zip – – – slice – – – mess around inside – – – stitch.”

“ Did he send flowers?” I ask before I can shut myself up.

“Oh, yeah. And he gave her his elbow to help her walk down the hall, instead of having the nurses do it. And you know what she said? ‘What a good doctor,’ she said. Like she never heard a word I told her.”

“Is she better?”

“Of course not! Once the pain of surgery disappeared, she found the menstrual pain still there. Right where she left it.”

“Unhappy,” she must be.

“Oh, no. She told me she wasn’t going to mention it to him. You know why? ‘I don’t want to disappoint him, he did such a good job’ she said. ‘Such a good doctor.’ So now she’s asking if there’s a cure for menstrual cramps.”

Here, my patient is up and pacing on my new rug again.

“If I need a physician, I want competence. Knowledge of the scientific process. A diagnosis before treatment. Don’t you?”

“Me?” I ask “You ask me?”

“Yes. You. If you needed a physician, you wouldn’t choose by personality, would you?”

“Of course not,” I say. “A scientist, I am.”

“These Quacks are a Public Health menace,” she mumbles.

Her anger, I can sense it cooling like lava into the ocean. “So what did you tell her?”

“I gave her a bottle of Black Cohosh. I figured, what the hell. She believes in this kind of stuff, and, unlike the surgeon, at least it won’t hurt her. But I feel like such a Sell-out.”

“But you did no harm,” I reassure her. “Time’s up. Come back next week. Several sessions, you will need.”

August 13, 2011

Prosta-Tuition

Filed under: Uncategorized — cbmosher @ 6:08 am

As the whole world watches the U.S. deteriorate into “the New Medievalism,” it sees, in addition to the decay in politics, the economy, racism, and religion, a shocking disintegration of our educational system.

What’s this got to do with Public Health?

Let me tell you about Nancy.

She understands the value of a college degree. She’s seen what happens when, like her parents, you don’t have one. And she’s smart enuf to read the future from the present in terms of the prospects for jobs and starting salary. She’s a hard worker: she spends 85% of her time attending classes, working in labs, and studying.

The other 15% she dedicates to selling her body for money.

She hooks up with what are euphemistically called “Tuition Sugar Daddies” on any of several websites offering “mutually beneficial arrangements.” Payday comes promptly. She pays down her college debts, and returns to the library.

This is not some isolated phenomenon. One such website alone reports having nearly 180,000 college girls enrolled, with their numbers growing rapidly over the past year. Studies conducted as surveys report an increased percentage of college girls or recent graduates who state they are willing to (or already have) engage in sex for money within the “Sugar Daddy – Sugar Baby” context.

Interviews reveal that the cost of education and the need to take out loans is a major force driving this phenomenon.

The Public Health implications go beyond concerns about Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS. There is a potential for violence – a potential which must, of course, be dismissed or belittled to go forward. To quote one recent grad paying off her loans, “barring rape and death, what’s the worst thing that could happen to me?”

And that leads to another Public Health concern: the need to see yourself differently in the “Sugar Baby” role from the “student” or “recent graduate” role. There’s a psychological stress created by this episodic schizophrenia which can well have adverse effects on one’s mental health.

But the more global Public Health concern about Prosta-tuition is what it portends for the future of our society. If some people must go to such anti-social extremes to afford an education, there are surely many more who simply can’t afford education at all. As Public Health physicians, we see our entire community as our “patient.” And the health of a society is definitely related to its educational level. Less educated cohorts of community have lower income, higher infant mortality rates, higher rates of chronic disease, and shorter life expectancy.

A society that doesn’t value the education of its young adults enuf to make it available to everyone whose brains can use it, but only to those whose parents are sufficiently wealthy to pay for it or to those desperate enuf to make a compromise as extreme as Prosta-tuition to pay for it, is dooming its future.

It’s our Priorities, Stupid.

July 6, 2011

The Power of Observation

Filed under: Uncategorized — cbmosher @ 6:04 am

 

 

 

My father (who did not specialize in Public Health) relates that, while in Med School in the 1930’s, his professor of Clinical Biochemistry pontificated thus:

 

“As physicians, you must use all your powers of observation to reach the correct diagnosis. Your patients’ lives will depend on it. For example – – – ”

 

He reached under the counter and placed before him a chemistry flask containing yellow liquid.

 

“This is urine from a patient on the wards. Of course, you can look at it to see how dilute it is, but there is more you can do. You have other tools available to you, also. For instance – – – ”

 

He dipped his finger into the liquid. Then, dramatically, he put his finger into his mouth, rolled his eyes ceiling-ward in thought, and said:

 

“ – – – it’s sweet. There’s sugar in this urine. The patient has diabetes.”

 

He picked up the flask.

 

“This is an important lesson. You will all taste as I did.”

 

So he handed the flask to the student at the end of the first row, and the urine began its slow odyssey among the fledgling Med Students. Presumably, the professor moved on to another subject while the flask made its way among the cringing faces.

 

When it finished its rounds among the grimacing students, the professor placed it on his counter again and stared at his class.

 

“This was an important lesson,” he emphasized, “about the power of observation. Had you observed me closely, you would have seen that I inserted my index finger into the urine – – – ”

 

He held up his index finger – – –

 

“ – – – and inserted my ring finger into my mouth. Class dismissed.”

June 18, 2011

Dr. Pannikatakus

Filed under: Uncategorized — cbmosher @ 8:41 am

 

Guest editorial by World – famous  psychiatrist to physicians,  Dr. Pannikatakus

I hear from physicians what, to no one else, they tell. Their secrets. Their fantasies. Their failures. Their sick little ideas.

 

Case # 286

I tell you now about the case of Dr. R. He comes to me, Dr. R., lies down on my leather couch and I put a box of Kleenex on his chest.

“I’m conflicted,” he says to me. “I always do what’s best for my patients, but sometimes they don’t appreciate my efforts. Like Mrs. La Barge.”

“Tell me,” I say in comforting voice. “Tell me about this patient, La Barge.”

“She asked her husband to take her, for their anniversary, to the French restaurant in town. Nice place. They serve the old style haute cuisine. She wore a new dress. It was loose fitting in the style of – what do they call them? ‘Mumu’s,’ I believe. Like a colorful tent.

“The waiter seated them, but Mrs. La Barge complained about the chair. It was uncomfortable, she said. One glance at the seat, completely swallowed up beneath Mrs. La Barge, was all the waiter needed, to know what to do. He brought her a wider chair with heavier legs.

“She ordered the Boeuf Wellington with extra Bordelaise sauce and foie gras. Her husband requested a bottle of Pinot Noir. She arranged her pills in front of her, next to her glass of water, like soldiers defending a fortress.

 

“The waiter returned. ‘I’m sorry, Ma’am,’ he told her, ‘but you’ll have to change your order. Your doctor called and you can’t have the pastry wrapped beef. May I suggest the Chef salad?’ ”

 

“And this,” I ask Dr. R., “she did not like?”

“She  just doesn’t understand Full Service Medicine. What should I do? Let her kill herself?”

“That would be against the Oath of that other great Greek physician,” I warn him. “Come back next week. We talk again.”

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